In X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), the quality of the X-ray source determines the quality of the data. A broad, polychromatic (non-monochromatic) X-ray source generates satellite peaks, a sloping background, and limits energy resolution to approximately 1.0 eV. This makes it difficult to distinguish subtle chemical shifts—for example, differentiating between C–O...
For decades, commercial printers faced a stark choice: short runs with variable data (digital) or high volumes with superior quality (offset). The introduction of the digital offset printing press—combining laser imaging on a photo-conductive drum with traditional offset blanket transfer—has blurred these lines profoundly. Also known as digital lithography or toner-based...
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